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Calcium imbalance rocaltrol calcitriol ; calcitriol is the active form of vitamin d d3. Fig. 7. Comparison of molecular models of selected ligands after energy minimization and location of point mutations in the VDR. A, modeled structures of MC903 yellow ; and HEP187 light blue ; within crystallized VDR LBD Rochel et al., 2000 ; . Falcitriol is in red. The helices lining the ligand binding pocket and amino acid residues that interact with 25-OH of calcitriol green ; are presented. B, location of the mutated amino acid residues within the VDR LBD. The coordinates of the truncated VDR LBD complexed with calcitriol Protein Data Bank entry 1DB1 ; were used to position the mutated residues. The protein backbone of VDR LBD is shown in blue and the positions of the mutated amino acid residues are indicated with balls. The amino acid residues collectively important for the structurally different ligands are indicated in red. Helix 12 and the amino acid residues important for the agonistic ligand action are in yellow. The bound calcitriol is shown as a ball and stick model. 18.2. Except for the specified substances identified in the period of suspension to be imposed for a violation of 18.2.1 Articles 2.2.1 presence of prohibited substances or its Metabolytes or markers ; . 18.2.2 Article 2.2.2 Use or Attempted Use of Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method ; . 18.2.3 Article 2.2.6 Possession of Prohibited Substances or Methods ; The Sanction will be: First violation: Suspension for 2 years. Second violation: Lifetime Suspension. However, the Competitor or other Person shall be offered the opportunity in each case, before a period of Suspension is imposed, to establish the basis for eliminating or reducing this sanction as provided for in Article 18.5. 18.3 Specified Substances: The Prohibited List as published by WADA may identify specified substances which are particularly susceptible to unintentional violations of the Anti-Doping regulations because of their general availability in medicinal products or which are less likely to be used as doping agents. Where a competitor can establish that the use of such a specified substance was not intended to enhance sport performance, the period of Suspension indicated in Article 18.2 shall be replaced with the following: First violation: At a minimum, a warning, and a reprimand and no period of Suspension for future events. Second violation: Two 2 ; years' Suspension. Third violation: Lifetime Suspension. However, the Competitor or other Person shall have the opportunity in each case, before a period of Suspension is imposed, to establish the basis for eliminating or reducing in the case of a second or third violation ; The sanction as provided in Article 18.5. 18.4 Suspension for Other Anti-Doping Rule Violations. The period of Suspension for other Anti-Doping Rule shall be: 18.4.1 For violations of Article 2.2.3 18.4.1.1 Refusing or failing to submit to Sample collection. 18.4.1.2 Article 2.2.5 Tampering with Doping Control, First violation: 2 years suspension Second violation: Lifetime Suspension. 18.4.1.3 For violations of: 18.4.1.4 Article 2.2.7 Trafficking. 18.4.1.5 Article 2.2.8 administration of Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method. The period of Suspension shall be a minimum of four 4 ; years and a maximum of lifetime Suspension. 18.4.1.6 A violation of the regulations involving a Minor shall be considered to be a particularly serious violation, and, if committed by Competitor Support Personnel for violations other than for specified substances as described in Article 18.3, shall result in lifetime Suspension for Competitor Support Personnel. In addition, violations of such Articles which also violate non-sporting laws and regulations, may be reported to the competent administrative, professional or judicial authorities. 18.4.3 For violations of Article 2.2.4 Whereabouts Violations or Missed Tests ; , the period of Suspension shall be a minimum Three 3 ; months and a maximum Two 2 ; years' Suspension. 18.5 Elimination or Reduction of Period of Suspension Based on Exceptional circumstances. 18.5.1 No fault or negligence: If the Competitor establishes in an individual case involving an anti-doping rule violation under Article 2.2.1 the presence of a Prohibited Substance, its Metabolites or Markers or Article 2.2.2 the use of a prohibited substance or method that they bear no Fault or Negligence for the violation, the otherwise applicable period of Suspension shall be eliminated. 18.5.2 When a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites and markers is detected in a Competitors bodily sample in violation of Article 2.2.1 the presence of a Prohibited Substance or its metabolites or markers ; . The Competitor must establish how the Prohibited Substance entered their system in order to have the period of Suspension eliminated. 18.5.3 In the event this Article is applied and the period of Suspension otherwise applicable is eliminated, the anti-doping rule violation shall not be considered a violation for the limited 16. Synopsis The New England Journal of Medicine features a case vignette on the treatment of DVT followed by a review of evidence supporting various strategies and formal guidelines, and ends with the authors' clinical recommendations. The following topics are covered: Diagnosis Initial therapy -unfractionated heparin -low-molecular-weight heparins -thrombolytic therapy Long-term therapy Duration of anticoagulation Areas of uncertainty -the role of reduced-intensity anticoagulation -new anticoagulants -testing for thrombophilia -prevention of the post-thrombotic syndrome Guidelines, for example, calcitriol and prostate. Discharge, a hospitalized patient was told to take two orange and white capsules each night to treat seizures phenytoin 100 mg capsules ; . However, the patient was also to take calcitriol 0.25 mcg capsules, which, in Australia, are also orange and white. He was supposed to take four capsules of calcitriol each Tuesday and Friday. After being discharged, the patient took two calcitriol each night and four of the phenytoin twice weekly. He was soon readmitted with seizures. During this admission, the patient was adamant that he had been compliant with his medicines. However, when asked to demonstrate his regimen, the error was found. He had been identifying the capsules, which were together in the same container, strictly by appearance and got it wrong! It seems so basic to remind patients not to mix different drugs together in the same container, but surely this is one of the most common mistakes that consumers make. In fact, an Institute for Safe Medication Practices staff member recently explained a similar error with a relative who took cyclobenzaprine instead of spironolactone and experienced significant drowsiness for almost a day. Both were off-white tablets, which is how the individual had identified the drug. We often receive reports about look-alike capsules and tablets. Patients as well as professionals ; need to realize that medications cannot be accurately identified only by appearance. Since manufacturers may change product appearances or a different manufacturer's product could be dispensed, it is best to identify tablets and capsules by associating them with their individual package labels and tablet or capsule codes. When a 1-mcg oral dose of radiolabeled calcitriol was administered to normal subjects, approximately 10% of the total radioactivity appeared in urine within 24 hours and rocaltrol. As a result, nixon said, the state medicaid company with state ties to pay medicaid fine - nov 15, 2006 theday. Health authorities are asking passengers who traveled on and carbamazepine, because calcidiol calcitriol.

He goal of pain management in the elderly is to improve function and quality of life. This often requires the multidisciplinary application of both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic approaches that are individualized to the resident and provide the most effective outcomes.1-3.
We have also determined that similar rights of return were given in connection with our 2003 new product launches of our calcitriol, azasan 75 mg and 100 mg, and darvon compound 32 products including our third quarter 2003 launch of calcitrol outside of the united states ; , which products were launched during the first three quarters of 200 we have not yet determined the effect of the rights of return on revenues that we had reported with respect to sales of those products in these periods and tegretol. TABLE 12 Effects of vitamin D derivatives on the RR of fracture compared with a control group according to agent Site of fracture Vertebral fracture Czlcitriol Alfacalcidol Hip Cwlcitriol Alfacalcidol Forearm Calcittiol Alfacalcidol RR 95% CI ; 1.152 0.688 to 1.928 ; 0.459 0.149 to 1.414 ; 0.870 0.003 to 218.40 ; 0.249 0.009 to 6.768 ; 7.831 0.129 to 475.77 ; 1.042 0.021 to 51.993 ; p-value 0.59 0.18.
Calcitriol dosage and administration the optimal daily dose of calcitriol must be carefully determined for each patient and carbimazole.

E.g. RIFADIN ; AHFS 8: 16 ANTITUBERCULOSIS AGENTS * PILL LINE ONLY * AHFS 40: 12 REPLACEMENT PREPARATIONS e.g. RISPERDAL ; AHFS 28: 16.08 TRANQUILIZERS * ORAL DISINTEGRATING TABLETS NOT APPROVED * * PILL LINE ONLY * * PHYSICIAN USE ONLY * e.g. YUTOPAR ; AHFS 12: SYMPATHOMIMETIC AGENTS e.g. NORVIR ; AHFS 8: 18 ANTIVIRALS * PHYSICIAN INITIATION ONLY * * HIV MEDICATION DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION * --SEE-- RITUXIMAB e.g. RITUXAN ; AHFS 10: 00 ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS * RESTRICTED TO MEDICAL REFERRAL CENTERS * SEE-- GLYCOPYRROLATE SEE-- CALCITRIOL SEE-- CEFTRIAXONE --SEE-- INTERFERON, ALFA-2A SEE-- FLUMAZENIL SEE-- MESALAMINE SEE-- OXYCODONE ACETAMINOPHEN -SEE-- OXYCODONE SEE-- IBUPROFEN SEE-- PROPAFENONE e.g. KERALYT, MEDIPLAST ; AHFS 84: 28 KERATOLYTIC AGENTS e.g. XERO-LUBE ; AHFS 92: 00 UNCLASSIFIED THERAPEUTIC AGENTS e.g. DISALCID ; AHFS 28: 08.04 NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS. Zemplar 5g XXX.XXXX mL injectable paricalcitol ; Calcijex 1g 5 mL XXX.XXXX XXX.XXXX mL injectable calcitriol ; Calcijex 2g 2.5 mL 5g ; XXX.XXXX XXX.XXXX mL injectable calcitriol ; Price Review Results: ATP: XXX.XXXX mL MNE price: XXXXXXX 3mL XXXXXXX mL 23. The domestic TCC Test indicated that the introductory price of Zemplar of XXX.XXXX per mL exceeded the MNE price of XXX.XXXX per mL, by more than 65% for the period January 1999 to June 1999. As such, the MNE price of Zemplar for the period January 1999 to June 1999 established the benchmark price, in accordance with subsection 8.7 of the Excessive Price Guidelines. International Price Comparison "IPC" ; Subsection 85 1 ; c ; the Act requires the Board to take into consideration the prices at which the medicine has been sold in countries other than Canada. Highest of International Prices The Excessive Price Guidelines set out the appropriate price test for a Category 3 new drug product as follows and cefadroxil.

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Systemic delivery only; does not include topical or inhaler specific medications or nasal sprays. Does not include one time dose as part of clinical pathway guideline or procedure surgical preparatory order, for example, effects of calcitriol.

Business Drivers & Challenges Ranbaxy's packaging method is its Unique Selling Proposition USP ; . Medicine is packed in strip and blister packs, which impart stability to the product. The quality of products is thus ensured and the extra packaging cost absorbed. Ranbaxy is, however, not the most competitive in terms of price. In fact, its prices are the second highest in the market after Cipla. Ranbaxy's website states that it is second in the domestic market in terms of market share, but gives no details. It claims to have performed better than Aurobindo Pharma and Genix Pharma in 2003. The greatest challenge to the sale of Ranbaxy's products in both India and Africa relates to negative perceptions about the toxicity and side effects of its medications. This fear has frequently led to nonadherence to the regimen required and also boosted the market for alternative cures to HIV. Ranbaxy sees better doctor education programmes as a means of spreading greater awareness among patients on the need to adhere to drug regimens and says it continually carries out such programmes. Effect of Programs In terms of distribution, Ranbaxy is the only company that has retail licenses at the distribution centres from where the patients collect the medicines. This results in a cost reduction of 25 to 30%. The lowest cost range is Rs 1200 USD$26 ; . Ranbaxy gave no figures about the highest cost products. Lessons Learnt Ranbaxy has sought to maintain market share rather than adopt innovative strategies to help bring down prices for needy patients in India. It has focused its efforts on higher-earning, high-value exports, as opposed to price reductions in its own Indian context. In contrast to Citadel, it has not tried to enter into any novel partnership programmes with other stakeholders, or tried to engage them to bring down the cost of medicines to patients. Source: Responses to CSM questionnaire, Ranbaxy annual reports 2001 and 2002; and indiainfoline news news ?dat 37680 The Economic Times newspaper reported on March 24, 2004 that the Union Finance Ministry has cleared a $1.5 billion soft-loan package to help people affected by HIV AIDS in 27 low-income countries. This loan is expected to mean big business for companies like Cipla and Ranbaxy, by helping them seize a 20 to 25% share of the $6 billion-a-year African ARV market. The fund, whose size was finalized by an inter-ministerial group, would be disbursed over the next five years. While the market implications of such a step are enormous, their impact on not just the financial bottom line but the economic bottom line remains to be seen. The government, having facilitated and duricef. Jon Goodall, PhD, joined Global Insight in August 2005 as Research Analyst for the Healthcare Practice and for Pharma Pricing & Reimbursement Analysis and is responsible for its North American coverage. Following an interest in anti-infective research, he carried out postdoctoral studies in Basel, Switzerland, for both F. Hoffmann La-Roche and Basilea Pharmaceutica Ltd, before returning to the UK to join a small Cambridge-based biotechnology company. This has given Dr Goodall many useful first-hand experiences of the workings and issues relating to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries that he can bring to bear in his work at Global Insight. He studied biochemistry at both undergraduate and postgraduate level at the University of Birmingham, UK, obtaining his PhD in 2000, for example, calcitriol psoriasis.

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Indexof webtv ; 0 - login journal home archive original articles full text original article subject categories: photobiology journal of investigative dermatology 2003 ; 121 , 594– 595; doi: 1 1046 j 23-174 200 1242 x topical calcitriol is degraded by ultraviolet light mark lebwohl, john quijije, jean gilliard † , thierry rollin * and oliver watts * department of dermatology, the mount sinai school of medicine, nice, france * galderma inc, nice, france † sgs lab simon, wavre, belgium correspondence: mark lebwohl, md, box 1048, mount sinai school of medicine, one gustave levy place, new york, ny 10029; email: lebwohl aol received 9 december 2002; revised 6 may 2003; accepted 6 may 2003; published online 18 august 200 top of page abstract calciriol ointment has been approved for the treatment of psoriasis in many countries around the world and cefdinir.
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We have extensively characterize a new analog of 1 , 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 discovered by Hector DeLuca and Deltanoid Pharmaceuticals, 2-methylene-19-nor- 20S ; -1- , 25 OH ; 2D3 in an OVX rat model abbreviated as 2MD, Fig. 1 ; . 2MD binds to the vitamin D receptor VDR ; with a high affinity, comparable to that of the endogenous ligand, 1- , 25 OH ; 2D3 12 ; . However, 2MD is approximately 10-50 times more potent than czlcitriol in transcriptional reporter cell assays using vitamin D responsive promoters in an osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3. 2MD is also vastly more potent and efficacious in stimulating mineralization of primary human osteoblast in culture 12 ; . In long-term study dose response study with 2MD using 0.5 ng kg d, 1 2.5 ng kg d, 5 and 10 ng kg 2MD significantly and dose-dependently increased total body bone mineral density, total body bone mineral content, bone density and total bone content of the distal femoral metaphysis DFM ; , and trabecular bone volume of LV3. Bone strength testing revealed that 2MD significantly and dosedependently increased maximal load and stiffness of femoral shaft FS ; , maximal load and stiffness of femoral neck, and toughness, ultimate strength and stiffness of the fifth lumbar vertebral body LV5 ; . At doses of 0.5 ng kg d and 1 ng kg day many parameters had fully restored to sham control levels, whereas at doses greater than 2.5 ng kg d, most of the bone mass and bone strength related.

Surgery, using rates based on a cost of illness study. Reinharz and colleagues259 also included the cost of surgery in their analysis, but explored the impact of changes in the duration and hence the cost ; of surgery, rather than changes in surgery rates associated with adjunctive treatment. All three economic evaluation assessed the cost effectiveness of adjunctive therapy with a newer drug, relative to current practice i.e. monotherapy with an older drug ; . No study assessed the impact on surgery rates of adjunctive therapy with an older drug. Combining of costs and effectiveness All but two256, 259 of the studies combined costs and effects in their analysis. Study population All but one study, 259 which considered adult patients with any type of epilepsy, focused on refractory patients. However, the definition of `refractory' varied between authors: in some studies it included patients who had not responded to monotherapy with the older drugs, 257, 260 whereas another study defined `refractory' patients as those who were unresponsive to both monotherapy and adjunctive therapy with the older drugs.258 It is also possible that some studies included patients unresponsive to monotherapy with any older or newer ; drug, although this was not explicitly stated. One study included adolescent patients, 256 three studies included only adults257, 259, 261 and in the others the patient age range was not specified. AEDs compared in the adjunctive studies The AEDs included in the studies are presented in Table 65. The AED that was most frequently compared in the economic studies was LTG: this drug was reported in five studies and was the subject of seven comparisons. In two studies, there was no active comparator for adjunctive LTG; instead, LTG was compared against `no adjunctive therapy' or `monotherapy with older drugs' ; , 258, 261 and two other studies compared LTG against VGB.256, 262 Hughes and Cockerell also compared LTG with GBP256 and Selai and colleagues compared LTG with TPM.257 Of the seven comparisons with LTG, just one study employed an older drug CLB ; .262 For patients taking PHT as the base drug, Schachter and colleagues260 compared adjunctive CBZ with adjunctive TGB; for another group of patients taking CBZ as the base drug, the same study compared adjunctive PHT with adjunctive TGB. No other comparison of older and newer adjunctive therapy was found and omnicef.

But RRs per se can be misleading. As the late Geoffrey Rose said: "A small but widespread risk may create a public health disaster."15 He discussed the issue in the context of serum cholesterol level and the risk of coronary heart disease. Although the RR of coronary heart disease is high for those whose serum cholesterol level is in the highest centiles, many more cases of coronary heart disease occur in people with only moderately high cholesterol levels. This is due to the greater prevalence of individuals with 'moderately raised' cholesterol levels. A fairly good indication of the relative importance of risk factors is the populationattributable risk, which depends on both the RR and the prevalence of risk factors in a population. The population-attributable risk for various risk factors for hip fracture is shown in the Table. Preventing smoking, increasing dietary calcium intake, and maintaining physical activity can greatly reduce the risk of hip fracture.16.

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Abnormalities could be reversed by fetal administration of calcitriol. It appears that the control of fetal Ca and Pi homoeostasis differs between sheep and pigs or rats. The possible independence of fetal Ca and Pi homoeostasis in pigs is further supported by the absence of a renal l1c-hydroxylase activity in newborn pigs. U. Lachenmaier-Currle, unpublished and cefepime and calcitriol.
Referred to as activated vitamin d, calciyriol is the most potent steroid hormone in the human body and has powerful anti‑ cancer properties. By itself, lopinavir is a relatively weak drug, but the norvir boosts the lopinavir, making kaletra an effective and commonly used pi and cefixime.
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Calcitriol in cats

Comparison of the effects of daily and intermittent-dose calcitriol on serum parathyroid hormone and ionized calcium concentrations in normal cats and cats with chronic renal failure. Chart 7.The chart demonstrates the percentage of patients who didn't get any pharmacological treatment porosis, are frequently found 1 ; . Therefore, this disease is vitally crucial for the diagnosis and medical treatment. The aims of the osteoporosis fracture treatment are to allow the normal life style of the patient and to prevent a future fracture caused by osteoporosis, in order to decrease its incidence 2 ; . According to previous studies, there were many hip fractured patients of osteoporosis who did not take osteoporosis medicines. Abbasi et al investigated patients with hip fracture in a geriatric nursing home in America and found that there were as much as 84 percent who had not been diagnosed as osteopenia or osteoporosis and had been taking no treatment or prevention 3 ; Gardner et al 4 ; study in America in 2002, by getting random samples of 288 patients older than 65 years old who had hip fractures from osteoporosis, 83.3 percent of the patients had not been treated by any osteoporosis medicines. Another 3 percent were treated with calcium, 6.7 percents with calcitriol, 1.8 percent with Ergocalciferol, 2.2 percents with hormone replacement therapy and the remaining 3 percent with Bisphosphonate. The study of Alexander A. Fisher et al 5 ; Geriatric Medicine, Canberra Hospital, Australia in 2003 suggested that there were 52.8 percent of the patients who had taken osteoporosis medicines after discharge, and only half of them had received triple therapy calcium carbonate 1, 200 mg ay, ergocalciferol 1, 000 unit day and alendronate 70 mg week ; . According to the present study there was only 1 patient who had BMD examination, which can be calculated as 0.03 percent. This suggested the lack of diagnosis and follow-up treatment plan, which should be improved by further promotion. Between the high priced brand name and the lowest cost generic name there may be an in between form called the branded generic. This is when the drug company combines the brand name and the chemical. To accomplish a generic brand substitute there are four simple things to do: Ask your physician to put substitute permissible on the prescription. Tell your pharmacist you want the generic not the brand or combination form. Compare prices at several pharmacies for the lowest price. If difficulties arise, contact the local health department, for instance, ergocalciferol calcitriol.

Calcitriol journal

Objectives: In Vietnam, STD care is provided by dermato-venereologists and the NIDV is responsible for the implementation of a national STD prevention plan. This plan includes the development of a sentinel STD surveillance system for syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis, as mandated in July, 2002. The NMA, who assists NIDV and HDV with their leprosy elimination program, has recently expanded its support to assist the NIDV and HDV in their STD Control Program efforts. The NMA sponsored two 2-day training programs conducted by staff from the California and Denver PTCs in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi in December, 2002. Methods: The training was comprised of 8 modules, including core components of STD programs, STD surveillance, STD case management including syndromic approaches ; , behavioral interventions, risk reduction counseling, partner management, and program evaluation. The training included lectures and small group activities. All modules were presented in English and simultaneously translated by physician interpreters. Slides were presented in both English and Vietnamese. Results: Approximately 65 senior health staff from 24 southern provinces attended the training in Ho Chi Ming City and 90 senior health staff from 37northern and central provinces attended the training in Hanoi. Participants were predominantly dermatovernerologists and included medical directors and STD program managers at the provincial level. Participant evaluation indicated that training contents were deemed appropriate for their level of needs. Importantly, the training provided understanding on the part of the trainers regarding specific program needs in Vietnam and identified areas for further collaboration and rocaltrol. One RCT13 was identified which studied oestrogen in women receiving corticosteroid therapy and which reported fracture outcomes. This compared cyclical oestrogen and progesterone with calcitriol in osteopenic hypogonadal young women receiving chronic steroid therapy for Systemic lupus erythematosus SLE ; . All patients received 1 g day calcium for details see Appendix 9, Tables 167169 ; . This study did not report evidence of adequately masked randomisation. Although the BMD assessors were said to be blinded, the status of the fracture assessors was not mentioned; however, apparently only clinical fractures were reported.
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0.5 g per day oral calcitriol, increased to 0.75 or 1.0 g per day at investigator's discretion. Thiazide diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide ; , vitamins nutritional supplements especially calcium and vitamin d ; , drugs that can speed up the removal of calcitriol from your body e, g.
Description Identifies the location of the facility where radiation therapy was administered during the first course of treatment. Rationale This data item provides information useful to understanding the referral patterns for radiation therapy services and for assessing the quality and outcome of radiation therapy by delivery site. Instructions for Coding If the radiation treatment was provided to prolong a patient's life by controlling symptoms, to alleviate pain, or to make the patient more comfortable, then also record the radiation administered in the items Palliative Care NAACCR Item #3270 ; and or Palliative Care at This Facility NAACCR Item #3280 ; , as appropriate. Identification of the mineral phase of two in vivo models of uremia related vascular calcification SC Verberckmoes1, V Persy1, GJ Behets1, D Mller2, 3, D Haffner2, 3, U Querfeld2, 3, ME De Broe1, PC D'Haese1 1 Laboratory of Nephrology-Hypertension, University Of Antwerp, Belgium; 2 Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charit University, Berlin, Germany; 3Center for Cardiovascular Research CCR, Charit - Universittsmedizin Berlin, Germany Vascular Calcification VC ; is a prominent feature in uremic patients. Mineral deposition in the media is a tightly regulated process in which vascular cells undergo a transdifferentiation towards an osteoblastic phenotype. Two models of uremia-related VC were used to identify the mineral phase in the vascular wall. VC was induced in rats by either a two-week adenine treatment followed by a 10-week high 1.03% ; phosphorus diet or subtotal nephrectomy followed by 6 weeks of 0.25 ng kg d calcitriol treatment. Mineral identification was performed on 10-thick aortic sections by means of -X-ray-diffraction using a 2x10 synchrotron beam spot size ESRF, Grenoble, France ; . Multi-element mappings for calcium were obtained by X-ray-fluorescence detector. The mineral phase was identified by matching the integrated diffractograms to a mineral database. Sequential sections were stained with Von Kossa to show the presence of mineral deposits. All animals were Von Kossa positive, confirmed by the positive signal for calcium in the X-ray-fluorescence mappings. In 1 4 animals with adenine-induced VC, an amorphous precipitate was present with no identifiable mineral phase while in the other animals hydroxyapatite was identified. In the vitamin D-induced VC, 3 9 animals showed amorphous precipitate. In one animal the mineral phase consisted exclusively of hydroxyapatite while in the others hydroxyapatite was accompanied by a whitlockite phase. These data show that the mineral found in adenine-induced VC is hydroxyapatite, the mineral compound in bone. Whitlockite, as found in the vitamin-D-induced model of VC, is a magnesium-containing mineral and its presence suggests a disturbed magnesium-metabolism influenced by calcitriol-treatment.
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